Neutralization and recycling
Neutralization and recycling of Azia group LLP provides services in neutralization and recycling.
The most rational way of protection of a lithosphere against production wastes and life is development of special technologies for collecting and processing of waste.
In certain cases production of separate types of products from secondary raw materials (waste) is much simpler and cheaper, than from primary natural raw materials. For example, honor power consumption of aluminum production from secondary raw materials by 20 times, and became - 10 times lower, than from natural ores. Often and capital investments in processing of secondary raw materials are 3.4 times lower, than when processing primary.
Rational the solution of problems of protection of a lithosphere against industrial wastes is possible at broad application of waste-free and low-waste technologies and productions.
Basis of waste-free productions is complex processing of raw materials with use of all its components as production wastes are for one reason or another the unused or underused part of raw materials. At waste-free technology all components of raw materials and energy in the closed cycle are rationally used (primary raw material resources - production - consumption - secondary raw material resources), i.e. the developed ecological equilibrium of the biosphere is not broken.
Low-waste and waste-free technology have to provide:
- complex processing of raw materials with use of all its components on the basis of creation of new waste-free productions;
- creation and release of new types of production taking into account requirements of its repeated use;
- processing of production wastes and consumption with receiving products or any their useful use without ecological disruption;
- use of the closed systems of industrial water supply;
- creation of waste-free territorial and production complexes and economic regions.
In mechanical engineering development of low-waste technological processes is connected first of all with need of increase in efficiency of metal which gives not only technical and economic benefits, but also allows to reduce waste and harmful emissions in environment.
Processing of waste — technological operation or set of technological operations as a result of which of waste one or several types of products are made.
Recycling broader concept, than processing as includes all types of their use, including as fuel for receiving heat and energy, and also for watering of lands in agriculture, laying of the developed mountain space etc.
Neutralization of waste — technological operation or set of operations as a result of which primary toxic substance or group of substances turn into neutral nontoxical and I do not decompose - shchiyesya..........
The centralized processing of waste represents set of operations on collecting, transportation and processing of waste on specialized production site.
Local processing of waste represents set of operations on processing of the waste which is carried out in an area of coverage of production installation on which waste is formed.
Existence in the municipal solid waste (MSW) of the fast-decaying organic compounds, pathogenic bacteria causes need of the fastest waste disposal from settlements and their neutralization. In world practice use several tens methods of processing of MSW. They can be divided into two groups. Classification of methods of processing of municipal solid waste - the methods of elimination of waste providing improvement of a sanitary and hygienic situation; the methods allowing to use in whole or in part secondary resources.
The choice of technology of neutralization of household waste depends on many factors among which have to be defining environmental protection and health of the population, economic feasibility.
The big share in the total amount of solid waste belongs to metal junks. Secondary resources of metals consist of scrap (43%) and waste (57%). A crowbar call worn-out and obsolete details and products from metals and alloys, waste — the industrial wastes of all stages of repartition containing metals or consisting of them, received when melting and machining and also the marriage of details and products which is not giving in to correction arising in production process. So, in ferrous metallurgy formation of scrap and waste of metals on 1 t of the melted steel reaches 650 kg therefore the question of rational use of metal junks gets importance.
At the majority of the industrial enterprises of plastic and wood waste is a part of industrial garbage of the enterprises, at the same time division of garbage into its separate components is economically inexpedient. Now are developed and introduced in the industrial scale of technology of processing, utilization and elimination of industrial garbage. The qualitative and quantitative structure of industrial garbage of any enterprise is approximately stable within a year therefore the technology of waste recycling is developed in relation to the concrete enterprise and is defined by structure and quantity of the industrial garbage which is formed in the territory.
Now the problem of rainfall of the sewage (S) which volume makes about 1% of the volume of sewage is more and more shown. At sewage treatment three types of rainfall are formed: mineral, organic and excess silt. This rainfall is formed on treatment facilities of the sewerage of the inhabited places and industrial the enterprises. The technology of their processing consists in their preliminary consolidation, dehydration, a composting or heat treatment, neutralization, then elimination or utilization.
Organic rainfall and excess silt before dehydration stabilize and condition. At a stage of consolidation of a deposit widely use gravitational and centrifugal methods, pressure head flotation. For destruction of biologically decomposed part of rainfall by means of microorganisms carry out stabilization process therefore the part of organic substances is oxidized to C02, H2O, KH3, and remained become incapable of rotting, i.e. are stabilized.
Dehydration of rainfall is, as a rule, carried out under natural conditions on what significant areas are required. It is also a big economic task as at effective dehydration the minimum costs and of the subsequent elimination and utilization are required.
For example, at 100 m of rainfall of SV with humidity of 98% after dehydration to 70% (the damp earth) its volume will be
= 100100 - 98 = 6,7 m3.
100 - 70
Means more than by 10 times it will be necessary vehicles on its movement and the subsequent utilization.
Utilization of rainfall of SV can be carried out by their use on agricultural fields as organic fertilizer or for production of construction materials.